After graduating with the highest distinction, from two departments – choral conducting as well as orchestra and opera conducting – at the Rimsky-Korsakov Conservatoire in Saint Petersburg, he took up his first posts as conductor in Russia (Ulyanovsk and Yekaterinburg). Then, after several years as Artistic Director of the Poznań Philharmonic (the city of his childhood) he was appointed Principal Conductor and Artistic Director of the Jenaer Philharmonie. He spent five years (1998–2003) at the helm of the philharmonic, and currently holds the title of Honorary Conductor. 

He then went on to become Music Director of the following orchestras: the Winnipeg Symphony Orchestra (2001–6), Symphoniker Hamburg (2004–8), Berner Symphonieorchester (2004–10), and Düsseldorfer Symphoniker (2009–14). During this period, he was also the principal guest conductor of the Vancouver Symphony Orchestra (2000–3), Radio-Sinfonieorchester Stuttgart des SWR (today known as the SWR Symphonieorchester), and Orquesta Sinfónica de Euskadi in San Sebastian (2009–17). From September 2012 until June 2017, Andrzej Boreyko served as Music Director of the Orchestre National de Belgique. In September 2014, he took up the post of Music Director of the Naples Philharmonic in Florida. Boreyko is currently also the director of a festival at the BOZAR centre in Brussels, each edition of which is dedicated to a different composer. 

The conductor is also regularly invited to collaborate with many world-class orchestras. In North America, he has led the New York Philharmonic, Los Angeles Philharmonic, as well as the symphony orchestras of Cleveland, Philadelphia, Montreal, Detroit, Chicago, Boston, San Francisco, Baltimore, Pittsburgh, and Toronto. He has also appeared at festivals in Ravinia and Aspen with the Chicago Symphony Orchestra. He has been invited to collaborate with the National Arts Centre in Ottawa, the San Francisco Symphony, Indianapolis Symphony Orchestra, and the orchestras of Cincinnati and Houston, with which he performs regularly as a guest conductor. 

In Europe, he has worked with renowned orchestras including the Berlin Philharmonic, the Deutsches Symphonie Orchester in Berlin, Munich Philhamonic, Staatskapelle Dresden, Gewandhausorchester in Leipzig, Wiener Symphoniker, Filarmonica della Scala, Royal Concertgebouw, Orchestre de Paris, Tonhalle-Orchester Zürich, London Symphony, Philharmonia, Rotterdams Philharmonisch Orkest, Rundfunk-Sinfonieorchester Berlin, Konzerthausorchester Berlin, Royal Stockholm Philharmonic, Gothenburg Symphony, Bamberger Symphoniker, Orchestra del Maggio Musicale Fiorentino, Orchestre Philharmonique de Radio France, and Nederlands Philharmonisch Orkest. In Asia, Andrzej Boreyko has graced the podiums of the NHK Symphony Orchestra in Tokyo, Seoul Philharmonic Orchestra, and Hong Kong Philharmonic Orchestra. In Australia, he has collaborated with the Sydney Symphony Orchestra, Melbourne Symphony, and the orchestras of Adelaide, Hobart, Brisbane, and Perth. 

To great acclaim he conducted the Los Angeles Philharmonic in the first ever American performance of Henryk Mikołaj Górecki’s Symphony no. 4. He was also at the podium when the London Philharmonic Orchestra performed the world premiere of the same work in April 2014, and also took part in its first ever recording (Nonesuch Records). Also under his baton was the Cincinnati Orchestra when it performed Igor Stravinsky’s recently discovered Funeral Song, the premiere of Victoria Borisova Ollas’s Symphony no. 2 and Requiem for Larissa by Valentin Silvestrov. The artist boasts an extensive discography, including valuable recordings with the then Radio Sinfonieorchester Stuttgart des SWR, of which he was principal guest conductor (ECM Records and Hänssler Classic). With Los Angeles Philharmonic he recorded Witold Lutosławski’s Chain II for Yarlung Records, and with Orchestre National de Belgique he continues the vast project of recording Shostakovich’s complete symphonies.